Physical confrontation can be dangerous
Children should not be encouraged to intervene physically in a fight or any dangerous situation. Once things escalate into physical altercations, adults should be summoned.
"Don't have children intervene physically because you never know where it's going to go," says Davis. "We discourage confrontation, unless the bystander is a friend of the bully and can say something like, 'Remember how much trouble you got in the last time you did something like this?'"
How schools can empower bystanders
"Every school has a bully-victim problem," says Rigby. Parents can get a sense of how healthy the school environment is when they visit. They can see whether the school is promoting respect for others by looking for anti-bullying posters and observing how respectful students are towards others. They can look to see if the children are playing happily together. "Parents should ask if there is an anti-bullying policy and if they can see it. Parents need to be assertive to find out how the school is teaching anti-bullying programs," says Rigby.
Schools have to make a public commitment against bullying. "Kids need to know that the bully will be punished," says Kuther. "Also, schools can teach anti-bullying behavior through role-playing. Schools should encourage students to be aware of sources of help."
It's also important that schools inform parents about the philosophy of bystander empowerment, so that parents don't get the wrong idea. "Some parents might be alarmed, thinking that children are being encouraged to break up fights, which is not the case," says Rigby.
Educate and discuss
Children need adults to teach them to speak up against injustice. They need to know that doing so is not tattling or snitching, but doing the right thing.
Children also need adults to help them understand that they are not alone in thinking that bullying is disturbing and wrong, and that they will be supported by their peers if they speak up.
"There is always something that any bystander can do safely. There are lots and lots of things to do. Just be flexible and keep looking for things that are going to be safe and effective for the child to do," says Davis.
Additional resources:
Rigby, Ken, Children and Bullying: How Parents and Educators Can Reduce Bullying at School (Blackwell Publishing, 2007)
Davis, Stan and Julia Davis, Empowering Bystanders in Bullying Prevention (Research Press, 2007)

